South Africa became a multiparty democracy following elections in 1994.
Main Political Issues
Maintaining unity
In April 1994, South Africa confounded the proponents of violence and ethnic division to hold peaceful elections which brought its first multiracial government to power. The challenge facing the new ANC-dominated administration is to ensure that, while pursuing the aspirations of the black majority, it does not marginalize South Africa's minorities. The white far right and Chief Buthelezi's Inkatha have the potential to resume violent destabilization if they feel their interests are not being addressed.
Role of the security forces
The loyalty of the security forces to the new government is uncertain. There was plenty of evidence, notably from the 1994 Goldstone Commission, of police and military involvement in pre-election violence. A particular problem for the police, long seen as the agents of apartheid, is to evolve into a neutral crime-prevention force.
Profile
The 1994 elections put an end to over 45 years of white rule by the NP. Its leader, F. W. De Klerk, played a central role with ANC leader Nelson Mandela in the transition to multiracial democracy. The NP came second in the polls but well behind the ANC, which only just missed the two-thirds majority it needed to govern alone. The ANC now dominates the Unity government. Its main challenge, apart from maintaining national unity, will be to reconcile the demands of its activists for jobs and better living standards, while encouraging foreign investment.
